4.3 What Needs To Be Cited

You must cite anything that is not your own intellectual work, whether you are copying someone else’s words directly (quoting), duplicating or adapting a table or figure, or putting information you’ve learned from a source into your own words (summarizing or paraphrasing). It is important to note that citing copied wording properly involves not only indicating the source of the wording, but also placing quotation marks around the copied words.

To determine if something needs to be cited, ask yourself, How do I know this? If the answer is I read it in X or I heard it from Y, a citation is required.

Be sure to cite all information you take from others, no matter what it is or where you got it from, whether it is from a printed source or from the internet, whether it is something you saw on TV or heard on the radio, or whether you got it from a tweet, a blog, a Facebook posting, PowerPoint slides, or even a personal discussion.