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Chapter 3: Outline of the System and a Key to the Classification of a Pedon

Outline of the System

The Canadian system of soil classification at the order, great group, and subgroup levels is tabulated alphabetically according to the names of the orders. For each subgroup the abbreviation of the name is appended.

Order

Great Group

Subgroup

Brunisolic

Melanic Brunisol

Orthic Melanic Brunisol O.MB

Eluviated Melanic Brunisol E.MB

Gleyed Melanic Brunisol GL.MB

Gleyed Eluviated Melanic Brunisol GLE.MB

Eutric Brunisol

Orthic Eutric Brunisol O.EB

Eluviated Eutric Brunisol E.EB

Gleyed Eutric Brunisol GL.EB

Gleyed Eluviated Eutric Brunisol GLE.EB

Sombric Brunisol

Orthic Sombric Brunisol O.SB

Eluviated Sombric Brunisol E.SB

Duric Sombric Brunisol DU.SB

Gleyed Sombric Brunisol GL.SB

Gleyed Eluviated Sombric Brunisol GLE.SB

Dystric Brunisol

Orthic Dystric Brunisol O.DYB

Eluviated Dystric Brunisol E.DYB

Duric Dystric Brunisol DU.DYB

Gleyed Dystric Brunisol GL.DYB

 

Gleyed Eluviated Dystric Brunisol GLE.DYB

Chernozemic

Brown Chernozem

Orthic Brown Chernozem O.BC

Rego Brown Chernozem R.BC

Calcareous Brown Chernozem CA.BC

Eluviated Brown Chernozem E.BC

Solonetzic Brown Chernozem SZ.BC

Vertic Brown Chernozem V.BC

Gleyed Brown Chernozem GL.BC

Gleyed Rego Brown Chernozem GLR.BC

Gleyed Calcareous Brown Chernozem GLCA.BC

Gleyed Eluviated Brown Chernozem GLE.BC

Gleyed Solonetzic Brown Chernozem GLSZ.BC

Gleyed Vertic Brown Chernozem GLV.BC

Dark Brown Chernozem

Orthic Dark Brown Chernozem O.DBC

Rego Dark Brown Chernozem R.DBC

Calcareous Dark Brown Chernozem CA.DBC

Eluviated Dark Brown Chernozem E.DBC

Solonetzic Dark Brown Chernozem SZ.DBC

Vertic Dark Brown Chernozem V.DBC

Gleyed Dark Brown Chernozem GL.DBC

Gleyed Rego Dark Brown Chernozem GLR.DBC

Gleyed Calcareous Dark Brown Chernozem GLCA.DBC

Gleyed Eluviated Dark Brown Chernozem GLE.DBC

Gleyed Solonetzic Dark Brown Chernozem GLSZ.DBC

Gleyed Vertic Dark Brown Chernozem GLV.DBC

Black Chernozem

Orthic Black Chernozem O.BLC

Rego Black Chernozem R.BLC

Calcareous Black Chernozem CA.BLC

Eluviated Black Chernozem E.BLC

Solonetzic Black Chernozem SZ.BLC

Vertic Black Chernozem V.BLC

Gleyed Black Chernozem GL.BLC

Gleyed Rego Black Chernozem GLR.BLC

Gleyed Calcareous Black Chernozem GLCA.BLC

Gleyed Eluviated Black Chernozem GLE.BLC

Gleyed Solonetzic Black Chernozem GLSZ.BLC

Gleyed Vertic Black Chernozem GLV.BLC

Dark Gray Chernozem

Orthic Dark Gray Chernozem O.DGC

Rego Dark Gray Chernozem R.DGC

Calcareous Dark Gray Chernozem CA.DGC

Solonetzic Dark Gray Chernozem SZ.DGC

Vertic Dark Gray Chernozem V.DGC

Gleyed Dark Gray Chernozem GL.DGC

Gleyed Rego Dark Gray Chernozem GLR.DGC

Gleyed Calcareous Dark Gray Chernozem GLCA.DGC

Gleyed Solonetzic Dark Gray Chernozem GLSZ.DGC

Gleyed Vertic Dark Gray Chernozem GLV.DGC

Cryosolic

Turbic Cryosol

Orthic Eutric Turbic Cryosol OE.TC

Orthic Dystric Turbic Cryosol OD.TC

Brunisolic Eutric Turbic Cryosol BRE.TC

Brunisolic Dystric Turbic Cryosol BRD.TC

Gleysolic Turbic Cryosol GL.TC

Regosolic Turbic Cryosol R.TC

Histic Eutric Turbic Cryosol HE.TC

Histic Dystric Turbic Cryosol HD.TC

Histic Regosolic Turbic Cryosol HR.TC

Static Cryosol

Orthic Eutric Static Cryosol OE.SC

Orthic Dystric Static Cryosol OD.SC

Brunisolic Eutric Static Cryosol BRE.SC

Brunisolic Dystric Static Cryosol BRD.SC

Luvisolic Static Cryosol L.SC

Gleysolic Static Cryosol GL.SC

Regosolic Static Cryosol R.SC

Histic Eutric Static Cryosol HE.SC

Histic Dystric Static Cryosol HD.SC

Histic Regosolic Static Cryosol HR.SC

Organic Cryosol

Fibric Organic Cryosol FI.OC

Mesic Organic Cryosol ME.OC

Humic Organic Cryosol HU.OC

Terric Fibric Organic Cryosol TFI.OC

Terric Mesic Organic Cryosol TME.OC

Terric Humic Organic Cryosol THU.OC

Glacic Organic Cryosol GC.OC

Gleysolic

Luvic Gleysol

Vertic Luvic Gleysol V.LG

Solonetzic Luvic Gleysol SZ.LG

Fragic Luvic Gleysol FR.LG

Humic Luvic Gleysol HU.LG

Fera Luvic Gleysol FE.LG

Orthic Luvic Gleysol O.LG

Humic Gleysol

Vertic Humic Gleysol V.HG

Solonetzic Humic Gleysol SZ.HG

Fera Humic Gleysol FE.HG

Orthic Humic Gleysol O.HG

Rego Humic Gleysol R.HG

Gleysol

Vertic Gleysol V.G

Solonetzic Gleysol SZ.G

Fera Gleysol FE.G

Orthic Gleysol O.G

Rego Gleysol R.G

Luvisolic

Gray Brown Luvisol

Orthic Gray Brown Luvisol O.GBL

Brunisolic Gray Brown Luvisol BR.GBL

Podzolic Gray Brown Luvisol PZ.GBL

Vertic Gray Brown Luvisol V.GBL

Gleyed Gray Brown Luvisol GL.GBL

Gleyed Brunisolic Gray Brown Luvisol GLBR.GBL

Gleyed Podzolic Gray Brown Luvisol GLPZ.GBL

Gleyed Vertic Gray Brown Luvisol GLV.GBL

Gray Luvisol

Orthic Gray Luvisol O.GL

Dark Gray Luvisol D.GL

Brunisolic Gray Luvisol BR.GL

Podzolic Gray Luvisol PZ.GL

Solonetzic Gray Luvisol SZ.GL

Fragic Gray Luvisol FR.GL

Vertic Gray Luvisol V.GL

Gleyed Gray Luvisol GL.GL

Gleyed Dark Gray Luvisol GLD.GL

Gleyed Brunisolic Gray Luvisol GLBR.GL

Gleyed Podzolic Gray Luvisol GLPZ.GL

Gleyed Solonetzic Gray Luvisol GLSZ.GL

Gleyed Fragic Gray Luvisol GLFR.GL

Gleyed Vertic Gray Luvisol GLV.GL

Organic

Fibrisol

Typic Fibrisol TY.F

Mesic Fibrisol ME.F

Humic Fibrisol HU.F

Limnic Fibrisol LM.F

Cumulic Fibrisol CU.F

Terric Fibrisol T.F

Terric Mesic Fibrisol TME.F

Terric Humic Fibrisol THU.F

Hydric Fibrisol HY.F

Mesisol

Typic Mesisol TY.M

Fibric Mesisol FI.M

Humic Mesisol HU.M

Limnic Mesisol LM.M

Cumulic Mesisol CU.M

Terric Mesisol T.M

Terric Fibric Mesisol TFI.M

Terric Humic Mesisol THU.M

Hydric Mesisol HY.M

Humisol

Typic Humisol TY.H

Fibric Humisol FI.H

Mesic Humisol ME.H

Limnic Humisol LM.H

Cumulic Humisol CU.H

Terric Humisol T.H

Terric Fibric Humisol TFI.H

Terric Mesic Humisol TME.H

Hydric Humisol HY.H

Folisol

Hemic Folisol HE.FO

Humic Folisol HU.FO

Lignic Folisol LI.FO

Histic Folisol HI.FO

Podzolic

Humic Podzol

Orthic Humic Podzol O.HP

Ortstein Humic Podzol OT.HP

Placic Humic Podzol P.HP

Duric Humic Podzol DU.HP

Fragic Humic Podzol FR.HP

Ferro-Humic Podzol

Orthic Ferro-Humic Podzol O.FHP

Ortstein Ferro-Humic Podzol OT.FHP

Placic Ferro-Humic Podzol P.FHP

Duric Ferro-Humic Podzol DU.FHP

Fragic Ferro-Humic Podzol FR.FHP

Luvisolic Ferro-Humic Podzol LU.FHP

Sombric Ferro-Humic Podzol SM.FHP

Gleyed Ferro-Humic Podzol GL.FHP

Gleyed Ortstein Ferro-Humic Podzol GLOT.FHP

Gleyed Sombric Ferro-Humic Podzol GLSM.FHP

Humo-Ferric Podzol

Orthic Humo-Ferric Podzol O.HFP

Ortstein Humo-Ferric Podzol OT.HFP

Placic Humo-Ferric Podzol P.HFP

Duric Humo-Ferric Podzol DU.HFP

Fragic Humo-Ferric Podzol FR.HFP

Luvisolic Humo-Ferric Podzol LU.HFP

Sombric Humo-Ferric Podzol SM.HFP

Gleyed Humo-Ferric Podzol GL.HFP

Gleyed Ortstein Humo-Ferric Podzol GLOT.HFP

Gleyed Sombric Humo-Ferric Podzol GLSM.HFP

Regosolic

Regosol

Orthic Regosol O.R

Cumulic Regosol CU.R

Gleyed Regosol GL.R

Gleyed Cumulic Regosol GLCU.R

Humic Regosol

Orthic Humic Regosol O.HR

Cumulic Humic Regosol CU.HR

Gleyed Humic Regosol GL.HR

Gleyed Cumulic Humic Regosol GLCU.HR

Solonetzic

Solonetz

Brown Solonetz B.SZ

Dark Brown Solonetz DB. SZ

Black Solonetz BL.SZ

Alkaline Solonetz A.SZ

Gleyed Brown Solonetz GLB.SZ

Gleyed Dark Brown Solonetz GLDB.SZ

Gleyed Black Solonetz GLBL.SZ

Solodized Solonetz

Brown Solodized Solonetz B.SS

Dark Brown Solodized Solonetz DB.SS

Black Solodized Solonetz BL.SS

Dark Gray Solodized Solonetz DG.SS

Gray Solodized Solonetz G.SS

Gleyed Brown Solodized Solonetz GLB.SS

Gleyed Dark Brown Solodized Solonetz GLDB.SS

Gleyed Black Solodized Solonetz GLBL.SS

Gleyed Dark Gray Solodized Solonetz GLDG.SS

Gleyed Gray Solodized Solonetz GLG.SS

Solod

Brown Solod B.SO

Dark Brown Solod DB.SO

Black Solod BL.SO

Dark Gray Solod DG.SO

Gray Solod G.SO

Gleyed Brown Solod GLB.SO

Gleyed Dark Brown Solod GLDB.SO

Gleyed Black Solod GLBL.SO

Gleyed Dark Gray Solod GLDG.SO

Gleyed Gray Solod GLG.SO

Vertic Solonetz

Brown Vertic Solonetz B.VSZ

Dark Brown Vertic Solonetz DB.VSZ

Black Vertic Solonetz BL.VSZ

Gleyed Brown Vertic Solonetz GLB.VSZ

Gleyed Dark Brown Vertic Solonetz GLDB.VSZ

Gleyed Black Vertic Solonetz GLBL.VSZ

Vertisolic

Vertisol

Orthic Vertisol O.V

Gleyed Vertisol GL.V

Gleysolic Vertisol GLC.V

Humic Vertisol

Orthic Humic Vertisol O.HV

Gleyed Humic Vertisol GL.HV

Gleysolic Humic Vertisol GLC.HV

Photographs of some subgroup profiles are shown in Figures 4-27

Figure 4. Orthic Melanic Brunisol, Ontario

Figure 5. Eluviated Eutric Brunisol, British Columbia

Figure 6. Eluviated Dystric Brunisol, Saskatchewan

Figure 7. Orthic Brown Chernozem, Alberta

Figure 8. Orthic Black Chernozem, Alberta

Figure 9. Orthic Eutric Turbic Cryosol, Northwest Territories

Figure 10. Brunisolic Dystric Static Cryosol, Northwest Territories

Figure 11. Glacic Organic Cryosol, Northwest Territories

Figure 12. Orthic Humic Gleysol, Ontario

Figure 13. Rego Gleysol, peaty phase, Ontario

Figure 14. Fera Gleysol, Ontario

Figure 15. Orthic Gray Brown Luvisol, Ontario

Figure 16. Orthic Gray Luvisol, Alberta

Figure 17. Mesic Fibrisol, Alberta

Figure 18. Humic Mesisol, British Columbia

Figure 19. Orthic Humic Podzol, Newfoundland

Figure 20. Orthic Ferro-Humic Podzol, Quebec

Figure 21. Orthic Humo-Ferric Podzol, Nova Scotia

Figure 22. Orthic Regosol, Northwest Territories

Figure 23. Cumulic Regosol, Northwest Territories

Figure 24. Brown Solodized Solonetz, Saskatchewan

Figure 25. Brown Solod, Saskatchewan

Figure 26. Orthic Humic Vertisol, Manitoba

Figure 27. Orthic Vertisol, Saskatchewan

Classifying a Pedon

The taxonomic class of a pedon can be determined by using the definitions and keys in this and other chapters. A knowledge of soil horizon definitions and soil terminology as presented in this publication is required to use the keys. Definitions of these terms in relation to soil climate are in Chapter 14.

Keys to soil orders, soil great groups, and soil subgroups are presented in this chapter. Complete definitions of each order, great group, and subgroup are contained in the chapter on each order. All the keys are arranged in a systematic order and are based on diagnostic soil criteria (or criterion). Keys for soil families and soil series within subgroups are not included in this publication. However, family differentiae are specified in Chapter 14, and an up-to-date list of approved series (CanSIS Canadian Soil Names File) is maintained by the Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Center, Ottawa.

The following procedure should be used to key out the classification of a pedon:

  1. Expose a vertical section through the pedon, describe the horizons, and take appropriate samples if the designation of some horizons must be checked by laboratory analysis. In some cases the final classification must await the laboratory data.
  2. Study the Key to Soil Orders in this chapter and select the first order in the key that apparently includes the pedon involved.
  3. Turn to the page indicated and verify that the definition of the soil order includes the pedon concerned. Then using the Key to Soil Great Groups, select the appropriate great group.
  4. Turn to the page indicated and verify that the definition of the soil great group includes the pedon concerned. Then using the Key to Soil Subgroups, select the appropriate subgroup.
  5. Turn to the page indicated and verify that the definition of the soil subgroup includes the pedon concerned.
  6. To classify the pedon at the family level, turn to Chapter 14 and select the family designation that applies; e.g., loamy, mixed, shallow, acid, cold, humid family.
  7. To classify the pedon at the series level, refer to a recent soil survey report for the area, or confer with the soil correlator of the province or territory.

For those familiar with Canadian soil taxonomy and the soils of the area under study, the detailed step-by-step procedure usually is not necessary. However, even experienced pedologists must await laboratory data before classifying some pedons. Periodically users of the system will encounter pedons that do not appear to fit any of the soil classes defined. If the pedon appears to represent a significant area (i.e., more than 800 ha) then describe it thoroughly, collect samples for analysis, indicate the properties that make it difficult to classify, and notify the soil correlator of the province or territory involved.

Key to Soil Orders

A. Soils that have permafrost within 1 m of the surface or within 2m if strongly cryoturbated… Cryosolic order

B. Other soils that either

    1. Have organic horizons (More than 17% organic C by weight) that extend from the surface to one of the following:
      1. A depth of 60 cm or more if the surface layer is fibric material (Of) having a bulk density of <0.075 g cm-3.
      2. A depth of 40 cm or more if the surface layer consists of mesic or humic material (Om or Oh) having a bulk density ≥0.075 g cm-3.
      3. A depth of more than 40 cm if composed of folic materials (L, F, and H), or at least 10 cm if a lithic contact or fragmental materials are present. Folic materials must be more than twice the thickness of a mineral soil layer if the mineral layer is less than 20 cm thick.

    or

    1. Have one or more mineral horizons or layers within 40 cm of the surface in addition to the organic horizons (O) as follows:
      1. If a mineral horizon or layer thinner than 40 cm occurs at the surface, the underlying organic horizon or horizons must have a total thickness of at least 40 cm.
      2. If one or more mineral horizons or layers occur within 40 cm of the surface, the organic material must occupy more than 40 cm of the upper 80 cm of the control section… Organic order

C. Other soils that have both a vertic horizon and a slickenside horizon, the top of which occurs within 1 m of the mineral surface… Vertisolic order

D. Other soils that have a podzolic B horizon and do not have a Bt horizon within 50 cm of the mineral surface… Podzolic order

E. Other soils that are saturated with water and under reducing conditions either continuously or during some period of the year as indicated either by direct measurements of the water table and the oxidation-reduction status, or by any of the following morphological features within 50 cm of the mineral surface:

    1. For all but red soil materials (hue 5YR or redder and color fades slowly on dithionite treatment).
      1. Chromas of 1 or less, without mottles, on ped surfaces or in the matrix if peds are lacking in materials that develop higher chromas under oxidizing conditions.
      2. Chromas of 2 or less, in hues of 10YR and 7.5YR, on ped surfaces or in the matrix if peds are lacking, accompanied by prominent mottles.
      3. Chromas of 3 or less, in hues yellower than 10YR, on ped surfaces or in the matrix if peds are lacking, accompanied by prominent mottles.
      4. Hues bluer than 10Y, with or without mottles, on ped surfaces or in the matrix if peds are lacking.
    1. For red soil materials (hue 5YR or redder and color fades slowly on dithionite treatment).
      1. Distinct or prominent mottles at least 1 mm in diameter occupying at least 2% of the exposed, unsmeared 10 cm layer… Gleysolic order

F. Other soils that have a solonetzic B horizon… Solonetzic order

G. Other soils that have a chernozemic A horizon and any one of the following:

  1. No Ae horizon.
  2. A weakly expressed Ae horizon (Aej) with a dry color value lower than 5.
  3. An Ae horizon thinner than an overlying Ah or Ap horizon that does not appear to be eluviated.
  4. An Ae horizon not more than 5 cm thick if the chernozemic A is eluviated (Ahe) as indicated by gray streaks and splotches when the soil is dry… Chernozemic order

H. Other soils that have a Bt horizon… Luvisolic order

I. Other soils that have either Bm, Btj, or Bfj horizons at least 5 cm thick, or a Bf horizon less than 10 cm in thickness… Brunisolic order

J. Other soils… Regosolic order

Key to Soil Great Groups

A. Cryosolic order

AA. Cryosolic soils that are formed primarily in organic materials and have permafrost within 1 m of the surface… Organic Cryosol

AB. Other Cryosolic soils that are formed in mineral materials, have marked evidence of cryoturbation, and have permafrost within 2 m of the surface… Turbic Cryosol

AC. Other Cryosolic soils that are formed in mineral materials, do not have marked evidence of cryoturbation, and have permafrost within 1 m of the surface… Static Cryosol

B. Organic order

BA. Organic soils that are formed primarily in upland organic (folic) materials, generally of forest origin, and are rarely saturated with water… Folisol

BB. Other Organic soils that are formed in relatively undecomposed organic materials and have a dominantly fibric middle tier… Fibrisol

BC. Other Organic soils that are formed in organic materials, are in an intermediate stage of decomposition, and have a dominantly mesic middle tier… Mesisol

BD. Other Organic soils that are formed in organic materials, are in an advanced stage of decomposition, and have a dominantly humic middle tier… Humisol

C. Vertisolic order

CA. Vertisolic soils that have either a surface color value of ≥3.5 dry if well to imperfectly drained or an Ah horizon <10 cm in thickness if poorly drained… Vertisol

CB. Other Vertisolic soils that have either a surface color value of <3.5 dry if well to imperfectly drained or an Ah horizon ≥10 cm in thickness if poorly drained… Humic Vertisol

D. Podzolic order

DA. Podzolic soils that have a Bh horizon ≥10 cm in thickness… Humic Podzol

DB. Other Podzolic soils that have a Bhf horizon ≥10 cm in thickness… Ferro-Humic Podzol

DC. Other Podzolic soils… Humo-Ferric Podzol

E. Gleysolic order

EA. Gleysolic soils that have a Btg horizon and usually have an eluvial horizon … Luvic Gleysol

EB. Other Gleysolic soils that have either an Ah horizon ≥10 cm in thickness or an Ap horizon ≥15 cm in thickness and have at least 2.0% organic C in the surface horizon… Humic Gleysol

EC. Other Gleysolic soils… Gleysol

F. Solonetzic order

FA. Solonetzic soils that have a slickenside horizon within 1 m of the mineral surface… Vertic Solonetz

FB. Other Solonetzic soils that have an Ae horizon 2 cm in thickness with a distinct AB or BA horizon (disintegrating Bnt)… Solod

FC. Other Solonetzic soils that have an Ae horizon ≥2 cm in thickness . . . Solodized Solonetz

FD. Other Solonetzic soils… Solonetz

G. Chernozemic order

GA. Chernozemic soils that have a surface color value of 4.5-5.5 dry and a chroma usually >1.5 dry… Brown Chernozem

GB. Other Chernozemic soils that have a surface color value of 3.5-4.5 dry and a chroma usually >1.5 dry… Dark Brown Chernozem

GC. Other Chernozemic soils that have a surface color value of <3.5 dry and a chroma usually ≤1.5 dry… Black Chernozem

GD. Other Chernozemic soils that have a surface color value of 3.5-4.5 (3.5-5.0 for Ap) dry, a chroma usually ≤1.5 dry, and characteristics indicating eluviation associated with soils formed under forest vegetation… Dark Gray Chernozem

H. Luvisolic order

HA. Luvisolic soils that have a forest mull Ah horizon and a mean annual soil temperature ≥8°C… Gray Brown Luvisol

HB. Other Luvisolic soils… Gray Luvisol

I. Brunisolic order

IA. Brunisolic soils that have an Ah or Ap horizon ≥10 cm in thickness and pH of ≥5.5 (0.01 M CaCl2)… Melanic Brunisol

IB. Other Brunisolic soils that have either no Ah horizon or an Ah (or Ap) horizon <10 cm in thickness and pH of ≥5.5 (0.01 M CaCl2)… Eutric Brunisol

IC. Brunisolic soils that have an Ah or Ap horizon ≥10 cm in thickness and pH of <5.5 (0.01 M CaCl2)… Sombric Brunisol

ID. Other Brunisolic soils that have no Ah horizon or an Ah (or Ap) <10 cm in thickness and pH of <5.5 (0.01 M CaCl2)… Dystric Brunisol

J. Regosolic order

JA. Regosolic soils that have an Ah or Ap horizon ≥10 cm in thickness… Humic Regosol

JB. Other Regosolic soils… Regosol

Key to Soil Subgroups

AA. Organic Cryosol

AAA. Organic Cryosols that have an ice layer >30 cm in thickness with the upper boundary within 1 m of the surface… Glacic Organic Cryosol

AAB. Other Organic Cryosols that have a mineral contact within 1 m of the surface and mainly fibric organic material above the contact… Terric Fibric Organic Cryosol

AAC. Other Organic Cryosols that have a mineral contact within 1 m of the surface and mainly mesic organic material above the contact… Terric Mesic Organic Cryosol

AAD. Other Organic Cryosols that have a mineral contact within 1 m of the surface and mainly humic organic material above the contact… Terric Humic Organic Cryosol

AAE. Other Organic Cryosols in which the organic material is dominantly fibric below a depth of 40 cm… Fibric Organic Cryosol

AAF. Other Organic Cryosols in which the organic material is dominantly mesic below a depth of 40 cm… Mesic Organic Cryosol

AAG. Other Organic Cryosols in which the organic material is dominantly humic below a depth of 40 cm… Humic Organic Cryosol

AB. Turbic Cryosol

ABA. Turbic Cryosols that have a gleyed layer similar to soils of the Gleysolic order… Gleysolic Turbic Cryosol

ABB. Other Turbic Cryosols that have organic horizons in the upper 1 m of the solum, are >15 cm in thickness, and have a pH ≥5.5 in some or all of the B horizons… Histic Eutric Turbic Cryosol

ABC. Other Turbic Cryosols that have organic horizons in the upper 1 m of the solum, are >15 cm in thickness, and have a pH <5.5 in some or all of the B horizons… Histic Dystric Turbic Cryosol

ABD. Other Turbic Cryosols that have organic horizons in the upper 1 m of the solum, are >15 cm in thickness, and have no B horizons… Histic Regosolic Turbic Cryosol

ABE. Other Turbic Cryosols that have a Bm horizon ≥10 cm in thickness and a pH ≥5.5 in some or all of the B horizons… Brunisolic Eutric Turbic Cryosol

ABF. Other Turbic Cryosols that have a Bm horizon ≥10 cm in thickness and a pH <5.5 in some or all of the B horizons… Brunisolic Dystric Turbic Cryosol

ABG. Other Turbic Cryosols that have a Bm horizon <10 cm in thickness and a pH ≥5.5 in some or all of the B horizons… Orthic Eutric Turbic Cryosol

ABH. Other Turbic Cryosols that have a Bm horizon <10 cm in thickness and a pH <5.5 in some or all of the B horizons… Orthic Dystric Turbic Cryosol

ABI. Other Turbic Cryosols… Regosolic Turbic Cryosol

AC. Static Cryosol

ACA. Static Cryosols that have a gleyed layer similar to soils of the Gleysolic order… Gleysolic Static Cryosol

ACB. Other Static Cryosols that have organic horizons in the upper 1 m of the solum, are >15 cm in thickness, and have a pH ≥5.5 in some or all of the B horizons… Histic Eutric Static Cryosol

ACC. Other Static Cryosols that have organic horizons in the upper 1 m of the solum, are >15 cm in thickness, and have a pH <5.5 in some or all of the B horizons… Histic Dystric Static Cryosol

ACD. Other Static Cryosols that have organic horizons in the upper 1 m of the solum, are >15 cm in thickness, and have no B horizons… Histic Regosolic Static Cryosol

ACE. Other Static Cryosols that have an eluvial horizon and a Bty horizon ≥10 cm in thickness… Luvisolic Static Cryosol

ACF. Other Static Cryosols that have a Bm horizon ≥10 cm in thickness and a pH ≥5.5 in some or all of the B horizons… Brunisolic Eutric Static Cryosol

ACG. Other Static Cryosols that have a Bm horizon ≥10 cm in thickness and a pH <5.5 in some or all of the B horizons… Brunisolic Dystric Static Cryosol

ACH. Other Static Cryosols that have a Bm horizon <10 cm in thickness and a pH ≥5.5 in some or all of the B horizons… Orthic Eutric Static Cryosol

ACI. Other Static Cryosols that have a Bm horizon <10 cm in thickness and a pH <5.5 in some or all of the B horizons… Orthic Dystric Static Cryosol

ACJ. Other Static Cryosols… Regosolic Static Cryosol

BA. Folisol

BAA. Folisols that have an O horizon >10 cm in thickness below the F or H horizons… Histic Folisol

BAB. Other Folisols that have F or H horizons composed primarily of woody materials… Lignic Folisol

BAC. Other Folisols that are composed primarily of moderately decomposed F horizon within the control section… Hemic Folisol

BAD. Other Folisols that are composed primarily of well-decomposed H horizon within the control section… Humic Folisol

BB. Fibrisol

BBA. Fibrisols that have a hydric layer… Hydric Fibrisol

BBB. Other Fibrisols that have a terric layer at least 30 cm in thickness beneath the surface tier and a humic layer >12 cm in thickness within the control section… Terric Humic Fibrisol

BBC. Other Fibrisols that have a terric layer at least 30 cm in thickness beneath the surface tier and a mesic layer >25 cm in thickness within the control section… Terric Mesic Fibrisol

BBD. Other Fibrisols that have a terric layer at least 30 cm in thickness beneath the surface tier… Terric Fibrisol

BBE. Other Fibrisols that have a limnic layer >5 cm in thickness beneath the surface tier… Limnic Fibrisol

BBF. Other Fibrisols that have more than 5 cm combined thickness of cumulic layer or layers beneath the surface tier… Cumulic Fibrisol

BBG. Other Fibrisols that have a humic layer >12 cm in thickness in the middle or bottom tier… Humic Fibrisol

BBH. Other Fibrisols that have a mesic layer >25 cm in thickness in the middle or bottom tier… Mesic Fibrisol

BBI. Other Fibrisols… Typic Fibrisol

BC. Mesisol

BCA. Mesisols that have a Hydric layer… Hydric Mesisol

BCB. Other Mesisols that have a terric layer at least 30 cm in thickness beneath the surface tier and a humic layer >25 cm in thickness within the control section… Terric Humic Mesisol

BCC. Other Mesisols that have a terric layer at least 30 cm in thickness beneath the surface tier and a fibric layer >25 cm in thickness within the control section… Terric Fibric Mesisol

BCD. Other Mesisols that have a terric layer at least 30 cm in thickness beneath the surface tier… Terric Mesisol

BCE. Other Mesisols that have a limnic layer >5 cm in thickness beneath the surface tier… Limnic Mesisol

BCF. Other Mesisols that have more than 5 cm combined thickness of cumulic layer or layers beneath the surface tier… Cumulic Mesisol

BCG. Other Mesisols that have a humic layer >25 cm in thickness in the middle or bottom tier… Humic Mesisol

BCH. Other Mesisols that have a fibric layer >25 cm in thickness in the middle or bottom tier… Fibric Mesisol

BCI. Other Mesisols… Typic Mesisol

BD. Humisol

BDA. Humisols that have a hydric layer… Hydric Humisol

BDB. Other Humisols that have a terric layer at least 30 cm in thickness beneath the surface tier and a fibric layer >12 cm in thickness within the control section… Terric Fibric Humisol

BDC. Other Humisols that have a terric layer at least 30 cm in thickness beneath the surface tier and a mesic layer >25 cm in thickness within the control section… Terric Mesic Humisol

BDD. Other Humisols that have a terric layer at least 30 cm in thickness beneath the surface tier… Terric Humisol

BDE. Other Humisols that have a limnic layer >5 cm in thickness beneath the surface tier… Limnic Humisol

BDF. Other Humisols that have more than 5 cm combined thickness of cumulic layer or layers beneath the surface tier… Cumulic Humisol

BDG. Other Humisols that have a fibric layer >12 cm in thickness in the middle or bottom tier… Fibric Humisol

BDH. Other Humisols that have a mesic layer >25 cm in thickness in the middle or bottom tier… Mesic Humisol

BDI. Other Humisols… Typic Humisol

CA. Vertisol

CAA. Vertisols that have prominent mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface… Gleysolic Vertisol

CAB. Other Vertisols that have faint to distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface… Gleyed Vertisol

CAC. Other Vertisols… Orthic Vertisol

CB. Humic Vertisol

CBA. Humic Vertisols that have prominent mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface… Gleysolic Humic Vertisol

CBB. Other Humic Vertisols that have faint to distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface… Gleyed Humic Vertisol

CBC. Other Humic Vertisols… Orthic Humic Vertisol

DA. Humic Podzol

DAA. Humic Podzols that have an ortstein horizon at least 3 cm in thickness… Ortstein Humic Podzol

DAB. Other Humic Podzols that have a placic horizon within the control section… Placic Humic Podzol

DAC. Other Humic Podzols that have a duric horizon within the control section… Duric Humic Podzol

DAD. Other Humic Podzols that have a fragipan within the control section… Fragic Humic Podzol

DAE. Other Humic Podzols… Orthic Humic Podzol

DB. Ferro-Humic Podzol

DBA. Ferro-Humic Podzols that have an ortstein horizon at least 3 cm in thickness and have distinct to prominent mottles within 1 m of the mineral soil surface… Gleyed Ortstein Ferro-Humic Podzol

DBB. Other Ferro-Humic Podzols that have an ortstein horizon at least 3 cm in thickness… Ortstein Ferro-Humic Podzol

DBC. Other Ferro-Humic Podzols that have a placic horizon within the control section… Placic Ferro-Humic Podzol

DBD. Other Ferro-Humic Podzols that have a duric horizon within the control section… Duric Ferro-Humic Podzol

DBE. Other Ferro-Humic Podzols that have a fragipan within the control section… Fragic Ferro-Humic Podzol

DBF. Other Ferro-Humic Podzols that have a Bt horizon with its upper boundary more than 50 cm from the mineral soil surface… Luvisolic Ferro-Humic Podzol

DBG. Other Ferro-Humic Podzols that have an Ah horizon ≥10 cm in thickness and have distinct to prominent mottles within 1 m of the mineral soil surface… Gleyed Sombric Ferro-Humic Podzol

DBH. Other Ferro-Humic Podzols that have an Ah horizon ≥10 cm in thickness… Sombric Ferro-Humic Podzol

DBI. Other Ferro-Humic Podzols that have distinct to prominent mottles within 1 m of the mineral soil surface… Gleyed Ferro-Humic Podzol

DBJ. Other Ferro-Humic Podzols… Orthic Ferro-Humic Podzol

DC. Humo-Ferric Podzol

DCA. Humo-Ferric Podzols that have an ortstein horizon at least 3 cm in thickness and have distinct to prominent mottles within 1 m of the mineral soil surface… Gleyed Ortstein Humo-Ferric Podzol

DCB. Other Humo-Ferric Podzols that have an ortstein horizon at least 3 cm in thickness… Ortstein Humo-Ferric Podzol

DCC. Other Humo-Ferric Podzols that have a placic horizon within the control section… Placic Humo-Ferric Podzol

DCD. Other Humo-Ferric Podzols that have a duric horizon within the control section… Duric Humo-Ferric Podzol

DCE. Other Humo-Ferric Podzols that have a fragipan within the control section… Fragic Humo-Ferric Podzol

DCF. Other Humo-Ferric Podzols that have a Bt horizon with its upper boundary more than 50 cm from the mineral soil surface… Luvisolic Humo-Ferric Podzol

DCG. Other Humo-Ferric Podzols that have an Ah horizon ≥10 cm in thickness and distinct to prominent mottles within 1 m of the mineral soil surface… Gleyed Sombric Humo-Ferric Podzol

DCH. Other Humo-Ferric Podzols that have an Ah horizon ≥10 cm in thickness… Sombric Humo-Ferric Podzol

DCI. Other Humo-Ferric Podzols that have distinct to prominent mottles within 1 m of the mineral soil surface… Gleyed Humo-Ferric Podzol

DCJ. Other Humo-Ferric Podzols… Orthic Humo-Ferric Podzol

EA. Luvic Gleysol

EAA. Luvic Gleysols that have a slickenside horizon within 1 m of the mineral soil surface… Vertic Luvic Gleysol

EAB. Other Luvic Gleysols that have a solonetzic B horizon… Solonetzic Luvic Gleysol

EAC. Other Luvic Gleysols that have a fragipan within or below the Btg horizon… Fragic Luvic Gleysol

EAD. Other Luvic Gleysols that have a mineral-organic surface horizon that meets the requirements of the Ah or Ap horizon of Humic Gleysols… Humic Luvic Gleysol

EAE. Other Luvic Gleysols that have either a Bgf horizon ≥10 cm in thickness, as well as a Btg horizon, or a Btgf horizon… Fera Luvic Glevsol

EAF. Other Luvic Gleysols… Orthic Luvic Gleysol

EB. Humic Gleysol

EBA. Humic Gleysols that have a slickenside horizon within 1 m of the mineral soil surface… Vertic Humic Gleysol

EBB. Other Humic Gleysols that have a solonetzic B horizon… Solonetzic Humic Gleysol

EBC. Other Humic Gleysols that have a Bgf horizon ≥10 cm in thickness… Fera Humic Gleysol

EBD. Other Humic Gleysols that lack a B horizon ≥10 cm in thickness… Rego Humic Gleysol

EBE. Other Humic Gleysols… Orthic Humic Gleysol

EC. Gleysol

ECA. Gleysols that have a slickenside horizon within 1 m of the mineral soil surface… Vertic Gleysol

ECB. Other Gleysols that have a solonetzic B horizon… Solonetzic Gleysol

ECC. Other Gleysols that have a Bgf horizon ≥10 cm in thickness… Fera Gleysol

ECD. Other Gleysols that lack a B horizon ≥10 cm in thickness… Rego Gleysol

ECE. Other Gleysols… Orthic Gleysol

FA. Vertic Solonetz

FAA. Vertic Solonetzs that have an Ah, Ahe, or Ap horizon with a color value >4.5 dry, a chroma usually >1.5 dry, and faint to distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface… Gleyed Brown Vertic Solonetz

FAB. Other Vertic Solonetzs that have an Ah, Ahe, or Ap horizon with a color value >4.5 dry and a chroma usually >1.5 dry… Brown Vertic Solonetz

FAC. Other Vertic Solonetzs that have an Ah, Ahe, or Ap horizon with a color value of 3.5-4.5 dry, a chroma usually >1.5 dry, and faint to distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface… Gleyed Dark Brown Vertic Solonetz

FAD. Other Vertic Solonetzs that have an Ah, Ahe, or Ap horizon with a color value of 3.5-4.5 dry and a chroma usually >1.5 dry… Dark Brown Vertic Solonetz

FAE. Other Vertic Solonetzs that have an Ah, Ahe, or Ap horizon with a color value <3.5 dry, a chroma usually >1.5 dry, and faint to distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface… Gleyed Black Vertic Solonetz

FAF. Other Vertic Solonetzs that have an Ah, Ahe, or Ap horizon with a color value <3.5 dry and a chroma usually >1.5 dry… Black Vertic Solonetz

FB. Solod

FBA. Solods that have an Ah, Ahe, or Ap horizon with a color value >4.5 dry, a chroma usually >1.5, and faint to distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface… Gleyed Brown Solod

FBB. Other Solods that have an Ah, Ahe, or Ap horizon with a color value >4.5 dry and a chroma usually >1.5… Brown Solod

FBC. Other Solods that have an Ah, Ahe, or Ap horizon with a color value of 3.5-4.5 dry, a chroma usually >1.5, and faint to distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface… Gleyed Dark Brown Solod

FBD. Other Solods that have an Ah, Ahe, or Ap horizon with a color value of 3.5-4.5 dry and a chroma usually >1.5… Dark Brown Solod

FBE. Other Solods that have an Ah, Ahe, or Ap horizon with a color value <3.5 dry, a chroma usually >1.5, and faint to distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface… Gleyed Black Solod

FBF. Other Solods that have an Ah, Ahe, or Ap horizon with a color value <3.5 dry and a chroma usually >1.5… Black Solod

FBG. Other Solods that have an Ah, Ahe, or Ap horizon with a color value of 3.5-4.5 dry, a chroma usually <2, and faint to distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface and are associated with a subhumid climate… Gleyed Dark Gray Solod

FBH. Other Solods that have an Ah, Ahe, or Ap horizon with a color value of 3.5-4.5 dry and a chroma usually <2 and are associated with a subhumid climate… Dark Gray Solod

FBI. Other Solods that have an Ah, Ahe, or Ap horizon with a color value >4.5 dry, a chroma usually <2, and faint to distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface and are associated with a subhumid climate… Gleyed Gray Solod

FBJ. Other Solods that have an Ah, Ahe, or Ap horizon with a color value >4.5 dry and a chroma usually <2 and are associated with a subhumid climate… Gray Solod

FC. Solodized Solonetz

FCA. Solodized Solonetzs that have an Ah, Ahe, or Ap horizon with a color value >4.5 dry, a chroma usually >1.5, and faint to distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface… Gleyed Brown Solodized Solonetz

FCB. Other Solodized Solonetzs that have an Ah, Ahe, or Ap horizon with a color value >4.5 dry and a chroma usually >1.5… Brown Solodized Solonetz

FCC. Other Solodized Solonetzs that have an Ah, Ahe, or Ap horizon with a color value of 3.5-4.5 dry, a chroma usually >1.5, and faint to distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface… Gleyed Dark Brown Solodized Solonetz

FCD. Other Solodized Solonetzs that have an Ah, Ahe, or Ap horizon with a color value of 3.5-4.5 dry and a chroma usually >1.5… Dark Brown Solodized Solonetz

FCE. Other Solodized Solonetzs that have an Ah, Ahe, or Ap horizon with a color value <3.5 dry, a chroma usually >1.5, and faint to distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface… Gleyed Black Solodized Solonetz

FCF. Other Solodized Solonetzs that have an Ah, Ahe, or Ap horizon with a color value <3.5 dry and a chroma usually >1.5… Black Solodized Solonetz

FCG. Other Solodized Solonetzs that have an Ah, Ahe, or Ap horizon with a color value of 3.5-4.5 dry, a chroma usually <2, and faint to distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface and are associated with a subhumid climate… Gleyed Dark Gray Solodized Solonetz

FCH. Other Solodized Solonetzs that have an Ah, Ahe, or Ap horizon with a color value of 3.5-4.5 dry and a chroma usually <2 and are associated with a subhumid climate… Dark Gray Solodized Solonetz

FCI. Other Solodized Solonetzs that have an Ah, Ahe, or Ap horizon with a color value >4.5 dry, a chroma usually <2, and faint to distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface and are associated with a subhumid climate… Gleyed Gray Solodized Solonetz

FCJ. Other Solodized Solonetzs that have an Ah, Ahe, or Ap horizon with a color value >4.5 dry and a chroma usually <2 and are associated with a subhumid climate… Gray Solodized Solonetz

FD. Solonetz

FDA. Solonetzs that have a strongly alkaline A horizon with pH (H2O) >8.5… Alkaline Solonetz

FDB. Other Solonetzs that have an Ah, Ahe, or Ap horizon with a color value >4.5 dry, a chroma usually >1.5, and faint to distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface… Gleyed Brown Solonetz

FDC. Other Solonetzs that have an Ah, Ahe, or Ap horizon with a color value >4.5 dry and a chroma usually >1.5… Brown Solonetz

FDD. Other Solonetzs that have an Ah, Ahe, or Ap horizon with a color value of 3.5-4.5 dry, a chroma usually >1.5, and faint to distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface… Gleyed Dark Brown Solonetz

FDE. Other Solonetzs that have an Ah, Ahe, or Ap horizon with a color value of 3.5-4.5 dry and a chroma usually >1.5… Dark Brown Solonetz

FDF. Other Solonetzs that have an Ah, Ahe, or Ap horizon with a color value <3.5 dry, a chroma usually >1.5, and faint to distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface… Gleyed Black Solonetz

FDG. Other Solonetzs that have an Ah, Ahe, or Ap horizon with a color value <3.5 dry and a chroma usually >1.5… Black Solonetz

GA. Brown Chernozem

GAA. Brown Chernozems that have a slickenside horizon within 1 m of the mineral soil surface and faint to distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface… Gleyed Vertic Brown Chernozem

GAB. Other Brown Chernozems that have a slickenside horizon within 1 m of the mineral soil surface… Vertic Brown Chernozem

GAC. Other Brown Chernozems that have a Bnj, Bnjtj, or Btnj horizon and faint to distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface… Gleyed Solonetzic Brown Chernozem

GAD. Other Brown Chernozems that have a Bnj, Bnjtj, or Btnj horizon… Solonetzic Brown Chernozem

GAE. Other Brown Chernozems that have an eluvial horizon or horizons (Ahe, Ae, or Aej) at least 2 cm in thickness, usually underlain by a Btj or Bt horizon, and faint to distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface… Gleyed Eluviated Brown Chernozem

GAF. Other Brown Chernozems that have an eluvial horizon or horizons (Ahe, Ae, or Aej) at least 2 cm in thickness, usually underlain by a Btj or Bt horizon… Eluviated Brown Chernozem

GAG. Other Brown Chernozems that have a Bmk horizon at least 5 cm in thickness and faint to distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface… Gleyed Calcareous Brown Chernozem

GAH. Other Brown Chernozems that have a Bmk horizon at least 5 cm in thickness… Calcareous Brown Chernozem

GAI. Other Brown Chernozems that either lack a B horizon or have a B horizon <5 cm in thickness and have faint to distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface… Gleyed Rego Brown Chernozem

GAJ. Other Brown Chernozems that either lack a B horizon or have a B horizon <5 cm in thickness… Rego Brown Chernozem

GAK. Other Brown Chernozems that have faint to distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface… Gleyed Brown Chernozem

GAL. Other Brown Chernozems… Orthic Brown Chernozem

GB. Dark Brown Chernozem

GBA. Dark Brown Chernozems that have a slickenside horizon within 1 m of the mineral soil surface and faint to distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface… Gleyed Vertic Dark Brown Chernozem

GBB. Other Dark Brown Chernozems that have a slickenside horizon within 1 m of the mineral soil surface… Vertic Dark Brown Chernozem

GBC. Other Dark Brown Chernozems that have a Bnj, Bnjtj, or Btnj horizon and faint to distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface… Gleyed Solonetzic Dark Brown Chernozem

GBD. Other Dark Brown Chernozems that have a Bnj, Bnjtj, or Btnj horizon… Solonetzic Dark Brown Chernozem

GBE. Other Dark Brown Chernozems that have an eluvial horizon or horizons (Ahe, Ae, or Aej) at least 2 cm in thickness, usually underlain by a Btj or Bt horizon, and faint to distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface… Gleyed Eluviated Dark Brown Chernozem

GBF. Other Dark Brown Chernozems that have an eluvial horizon or horizons (Ahe, Ae, or Aej) at least 2 cm in thickness, usually underlain by a Btj or Bt horizon… Eluviated Dark Brown Chernozem

GBG. Other Dark Brown Chernozems that have a Bmk horizon at least 5 cm in thickness and faint to distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface… Gleyed Calcareous Dark Brown Chernozem

GBH. Other Dark Brown Chernozems that have a Bmk horizon at least 5 cm in thickness… Calcareous Dark Brown Chernozem

GBI. Other Dark Brown Chernozems that either lack a B horizon or have a B horizon <5 cm in thickness and have faint to distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface… Gleyed Rego Dark Brown Chernozem

GBJ. Other Dark Brown Chernozems that either lack a B horizon or have a B horizon <5 cm in thickness… Rego Dark Brown Chernozem

GBK. Other Dark Brown Chernozems that have faint to distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface… Gleyed Dark Brown Chernozem

GBL. Other Dark Brown Chernozems… Orthic Dark Brown Chernozem

GC. Black Chernozem

GCA. Black Chernozems that have a slickenside horizon within 1 m of the mineral soil surface and faint to distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface… Gleyed Vertic Black Chernozem

GCB. Other Black Chernozems that have a slickenside horizon within 1 m of the mineral soil surface… Vertic Black Chernozem

GCC. Other Black Chernozems that have a Bnj, Bnjtj, or Btnj horizon and faint to distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface… Gleyed Solonetzic Black Chernozem

GCD. Other Black Chernozems that have a Bnj, Bnjtj, or Btnj horizon… Solonetzic Black Chernozem

GCE. Other Black Chernozems that have an eluvial horizon or horizons (Ahe, Ae, or Aej) at least 2 cm in thickness, usually underlain by a Btj or Bt horizon, and have faint to distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface… Gleyed Eluviated Black Chernozem

GCF. Other Black Chernozems that have an eluvial horizon or horizons (Ahe, Ae, or Aej) at least 2 cm in thickness, usually underlain by a Btj or Bt horizon… Eluviated Black Chernozem

GCG. Other Black Chernozems that have a Bmk horizon at least 5 cm in thickness and faint to distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface… Gleyed Calcareous Black Chernozem

GCH. Other Black Chernozems that have a Bmk horizon at least 5 cm in thickness… Calcareous Black Chernozem

GCI. Other Black Chernozems that lack a B horizon or have a B horizon <5 cm in thickness and have faint to distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface… Gleyed Rego Black Chernozem

GCJ. Other Black Chernozems that lack a B horizon or have a B horizon <5 cm in thickness… Rego Black Chernozem

GCK. Other Black Chernozems that have faint to distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface… Gleyed Black Chernozem

GCL. Other Black Chernozems… Orthic Black Chernozem

GD. Dark Gray Chernozem

GDA. Dark Gray Chernozems that have a slickenside horizon within 1 m of the mineral soil surface and faint to distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface… Gleyed Vertic Dark Gray Chernozem

GDB. Other Dark Gray Chernozems that have a slickenside horizon within 1 m of the mineral soil surface… Vertic Dark Gray Chernozem

GDC. Other Dark Gray Chernozems that have a Bnj, Bnjtj, or Btnj horizon and faint to distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface… Gleyed Solonetzic Dark Gray Chernozem

GDD. Other Dark Gray Chernozems that have a Bnj, Bnjtj, or Btnj horizon… Solonetzic Dark Gray Chernozem

GDE. Other Dark Gray Chernozems that have a Bmk horizon at least 5 cm in thickness and faint to distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface… Gleyed Calcareous Dark Gray Chernozem

GDF. Dark Gray Chernozems that have a Bmk horizon at least 5 cm in thickness… Calcareous Dark Gray Chernozem

GDG. Other Dark Gray Chernozems that either lack a B horizon or have a B horizon <5 cm in thickness and have faint to distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface… Gleyed Rego Dark Gray Chernozem

GDH. Other Dark Gray Chernozems that either lack a B horizon or have a B horizon <5 cm in thickness… Rego Dark Gray Chernozem

GDI. Other Dark Gray Chernozems that have faint to distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface… Gleyed Dark Gray Chernozem

GDJ. Other Dark Gray Chernozems… Orthic Dark Gray Chernozem

HA. Gray Brown Luvisol

HAA. Gray Brown Luvisols that have a slickenside horizon within 1 m of the mineral soil surface and faint to distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface… Gleyed Vertic Gray Brown Luvisol

HAB. Other Gray Brown Luvisols that have a slickenside horizon within 1 m of the mineral soil surface… Vertic Gray Brown Luvisol

HAC. Other Gray Brown Luvisols that have a Podzolic B horizon ≥10 cm in thickness in the upper solum, a Bt horizon with its upper boundary within 50 cm from the mineral soil surface, and either distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface or prominent mottles at depths of 50-100 cm… Gleyed Podzolic Gray Brown Luvisol

HAD. Other Gray Brown Luvisols that have a Podzolic B horizon ≥10 cm in thickness in the upper solum and a Bt horizon with its upper boundary within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface… Podzolic Gray Brown Luvisol

HAE. Other Gray Brown Luvisols that have in the upper solum either a Bm horizon ≥5 cm in thickness with a chroma ≥3, or a Bf horizon <10 cm in thickness that does not extend below 15 cm of the mineral soil surface, and either distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface or prominent mottles at depths of 50-100 cm… Gleyed Brunisolic Gray Brown Luvisol

HAF. Other Gray Brown Luvisols that have in the upper solum either a Bm horizon ≥5 cm in thickness with a chroma ≥3, or a Bf horizon < 10 cm in thickness that does not extend below 15 cm of the mineral soil surface… Brunisolic Gray Brown Luvisol

HAG. Other Gray Brown Luvisols that have either distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface or prominent mottles at depths of 50-100 cm… Gleyed Gray Brown Luvisol

HAH. Other Gray Brown Luvisols… Orthic Gray Brown Luvisol

HB. Gray Luvisol

HBA. Gray Luvisols that have a slickenside horizon within 1 m of the mineral soil surface and faint to distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface… Gleyed Vertic Gray Luvisol

HBB. Other Gray Luvisols that have a slickenside horizon within 1 m of the mineral soil surface… Vertic Gray Luvisol

HBC. Other Gray Luvisols that have a fragipan either within or below the Bt horizon and have either distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface or prominent mottles at depths of 50-100 cm… Gleyed Fragic Gray Luvisol

HBD. Other Gray Luvisols that have a fragipan either within or below the Bt horizon… Fragic Gray Luvisol

HBE. Other Gray Luvisols that have a Podzolic B horizon ≥10 cm in thickness in the upper solum, a Bt horizon with its upper boundary within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface, and either distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface or prominent mottles at depths of 50-100 cm… Gleyed Podzolic Gray Luvisol

HBF. Other Gray Luvisols that have a Podzolic B horizon ≥10 cm in thickness in the upper solum and a Bt horizon with its upper boundary within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface… Podzolic Gray Luvisol

HBG. Other Gray Luvisols that have an Ah or Ahe horizon ≥5 cm in thickness and either distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface or prominent mottles at depths of 50-100 cm… Gleyed Dark Gray Luvisol

HBH. Other Gray Luvisols that have either an Ah or Ahe horizon ≥5 cm in thickness… Dark Gray Luvisol

HBI. Other Gray Luvisols that have a Btnj horizon and either distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface or prominent mottles at depths of 50-100 cm… Gleyed Solonetzic Gray Luvisol

HBJ. Other Gray Luvisols that have a Btnj horizon… Solonetzic Gray Luvisol

HBK. Other Gray Luvisols that have in the upper solum either a Bm horizon ≥5 cm in thickness with a chroma ≥3, or a Bf horizon <10 cm in thickness that does not extend below 15 cm of the mineral soil surface, and either distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface or prominent mottles at depths of 50-100 cm… Gleyed Brunisolic Gray Luvisol

HBL. Other Gray Luvisols that have in the upper solum either a Bm horizon ≥5 cm in thickness with a chroma ≥3, or a Bf horizon <10 cm in thickness that does not extend below 15 cm of the mineral soil surface… Brunisolic Gray Luvisol

HBM. Other Gray Luvisols that have either distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface or prominent mottles at depths of 50-100 cm… Gleyed Gray Luvisol

HBN. Other Gray Luvisols… Orthic Gray Luvisol

IA. Melanic Brunisol

IAA. Melanic Brunisols that have an Ae or Aej horizon ≥2 cm in thickness and either faint to distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface, or distinct to prominent mottles at depths of 50-100 cm… Gleyed Eluviated Melanic Brunisol

IAB. Other Melanic Brunisols that have an Ae or Aej horizon ≥2 cm in thickness… Eluviated Melanic Brunisol

IAC. Other Melanic Brunisols that have either faint to distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface, or distinct to prominent mottles at depths of 50-100 cm… Gleyed Melanic Brunisol

IAD. Other Melanic Brunisols… Orthic Melanic Brunisol

IB. Eutric Brunisol

IBA. Eutric Brunisols that have an Ae or Aej horizon ≥2 cm in thickness and either faint to distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface, or distinct to prominent mottles at depths of 50-100 cm… Gleyed Eluviated Eutric Brunisol

IBB. Other Eutric Brunisols that have an Ae or Aej horizon ≥2 cm in thickness… Eluviated Eutric Brunisol

IBC. Other Eutric Brunisols that have either faint to distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface, or distinct to prominent mottles at depths of 50-100 cm… Gleyed Eutric Brunisol

IBD. Other Eutric Brunisols… Orthic Eutric Brunisol

IC. Sombric Brunisol

ICA. Sombric Brunisols that have a duric horizon within the control section… Duric Sombric Brunisol

ICB. Other Sombric Brunisols that have an Ae or Aej horizon ≥2 cm in thickness and either faint to distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface, or distinct to prominent mottles at depths of 50-100 cm… Gleyed Eluviated Sombric Brunisol

ICC. Other Sombric Brunisols that have an Ae or Aej horizon ≥2 cm in thickness… Eluviated Sombric Brunisol

ICD. Other Sombric Brunisols that have either faint to distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface, or distinct to prominent mottles at depths of 50-100 cm… Gleyed Sombric Brunisol

ICE. Other Sombric Brunisols… Orthic Sombric Brunisol

ID. Dystric Brunisol

IDA. Dystric Brunisols that have a duric horizon within the control section… Duric Dystric Brunisol

IDB. Other Dystric Brunisols that have an Ae or Aej horizon ≥2 cm in thickness and either faint to distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface, or distinct to prominent mottles at depths of 50-100 cm… Gleyed Eluviated Dystric Brunisol

IDC. Other Dystric Brunisols that have an Ae or Aej horizon ≥2 cm in thickness… Eluviated Dystric Brunisol

IDD. Other Dystric Brunisols that have either faint to distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface, or distinct to prominent mottles at depths of 50-100 cm… Gleyed Dystric Brunisol

IDE. Other Dystric Brunisols… Orthic Dystric Brunisol

JA. Humic Regosol

JAA. Humic Regosols that either have layers below the Ah horizon and vary in color value by one or more units, or have organic matter contents that vary irregularly with depth and have faint to distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface… Gleyed Cumulic Humic Regosol

JAB. Other Humic Regosols that either have layers below the Ah horizon and vary in color value by one or more units, or have organic matter contents that vary irregularly with depth… Cumulic Humic Regosol

JAC. Other Humic Regosols that have faint to distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface… Gleyed Humic Regosol

JAD. Other Humic Regosols… Orthic Humic Regosol

JB. Regosol

JBA. Regosols that either have layers below the Ah horizon and vary in color value by one or more units, or have organic matter contents that vary irregularly with depth and have faint to distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface… Gleyed Cumulic Regosol

JBB. Other Regosols that either have layers below the Ah horizon and vary in color value by one or more units, or have organic matter contents that vary irregularly with depth… Cumulic Regosol

JBC. Other Regosols that have faint to distinct mottles within 50 cm of the mineral soil surface… Gleyed Regosol

JBD. Other Regosols… Orthic Regosol

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Canadian System of Soil Classification (v3.1) Copyright © by Canadian Society of Soil Science is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.

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