References

Ahrens, S. (2017). How to take smart notes: One simple technique to boost writing, learning and thinking. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.

American Psychological Association. (2012). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

American Psychological Association (APA). (2023). APA Journals policy on generative AI: Additional guidance .https://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/resources/publishing-tips/policy-generative-ai

Anderson, N., Belavy, D. L., Perle, S. M., Hendricks, S., Hespanhol, L., Verhagen, E., & Memon, A. R. (2023). AI did not write this manuscript, or did it? Can we trick the AI text detector into generated texts? The potential future of ChatGPT and AI in Sports & Exercise Medicine manuscript generation. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001568

Anne Mangen, Liss G. Anda, Gunn H. Oxborough, & Kolbjørn Brønnick. (2015). Handwriting versus Keyboard Writing: Effect on Word Recall. Journal of Writing Research, 7(2), 227–247. https://doi.org/10.17239/jowr-2015.07.02.1

Aremu, T. (2023). Unlocking Pandora’s box: Unveiling the elusive realm of AI text detection. SSRN. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4470719

Babl, F., & Babl, M. (2023). Generative artificial intelligence: Can ChatGPT write a quality abstract? Emergency Medicine Australasia, 35(5), 809–811. https://doi.org/10.1111/1742-6723.14233

Bowen, J. A., & Watson, C. E. (2024). Teaching with AI: A Practical Guide to a New Era of Human Learning [Kindle iOS version].

Bickman, L., & Rog, D. J. (Eds.). (2009). The SAGE handbook of applied social research methods (2nd ed.). SAGE Publications.

Boch, F., & Piolat, A. (2005). Note taking and learning: A summary of research. The WAC Journal, 16, 101–113.

Brainard, J. (2023).  As scientists explore AI-written text, journals hammer out policies. Science, https://www.science.org/content/article/scientists-explore-ai-written-text-journals-hammer-policies

Broussard, M. (2023). More than a glitch: Confronting race, gender, and ability bias in tech. MIT Press

Burgess-Allen, J., & Owen-Smith, V. (2010). Using mind mapping techniques for rapid qualitative data analysis in public participation processes. Health Expectations : An International Journal of Public Participation in Health Care and Health Policy, 13(4), 406–415. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1369-7625.2010.00594.x

Chew, R., Bollenbacher, J., Wenger, M., Speer, J., & Kim, A. (2023). LLM-assisted content analysis: Using large language models to support deductive coding. arXiv preprint arXiv:2306.14924.

Ciurria, M. (2023). Ableism and ChatGPT: Why people fear it versus why they should fear it.  APA Blog. https://blog.apaonline.org/2023/03/30/ableism-and-chatgpt-why-people-fear-it-versus-why-they-should-fear-it/

Congressional Research Service. (2023). Generative artificial intelligence and copyright law (LSB10922). https://www.congress.gov/crs-product/LSB10922

Crawford, K. (2021). Atlas of AI: Power, politics, and the planetary costs of artificial intelligence [Kindle iOS version]. Yale University Press.

Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.

COPE Council. (2024). COPE position statement: Authorship and AI [English version]. Committee on Publication Ethics. https://doi.org/10.24318/cCVRZBms

Cooper, H. (1984). The integrative research review: A systematic approach. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage

Dai, S. C., Xiong, A., & Ku, L. W. (2023). LLM-in-the-loop: Leveraging large language model for thematic analysis. arXiv preprint arXiv:2310.15100.

Divecha, C. A., Tullu, M. S., & Karande, S. (2023). Utilizing tables, figures, charts, and graphs to enhance the readability of a research paper. Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, 69(3), 125-131. https://doi.org/10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_387_23

Dodgson, J. E. (2021). Critical Analysis: The often-missing step in conducting literature review research. Journal of Human Lactation, 37(1), 27–32. https://doi.org/10.1177/0890334420977815

Dunlap, J. C., & Lowenthal, P. R. (2016). Getting graphic about infographics: Design lessons learned from popular infographics. Journal of Visual Literacy, 35(1), 42–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1051144X.2016.1205832

Franzblau, L. E., & Chung, K. C. (2012). Graphs, tables, and figures in scientific publications: The good, the bad, and how not to be the latter. Journal of Hand Surgery, 37(3), 591–596. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2011.12.041

Gao, C. A., Howard, F. M., Markov, N. S., Dyer, E. C., Ramesh, S., Luo, Y., & Pearson, A. T. (2023). Comparing scientific abstracts generated by ChatGPT to real abstracts with detectors and blinded human reviewers. NPJ Digital Medicine, 6(1), 75–75. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-023-00819-6

Geiger, C. (2024). Elaborating a Human Rights-Friendly Copyright Framework for Generative AI. IIC – International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law, 55(7), 1129–1165. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40319-024-01481-5

Gerlich, M. (2025). AI Tools in Society: Impacts on Cognitive Offloading and the Future of Critical Thinking. Societies, 15, 6, https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15010006

Goldstein, J. A., Sastry, G., Musser, M., DiResta, R., Gentzel, M., & Sedova, K. (2023). Generative Language Models and Automated Influence Operations: Emerging Threats and Potential Mitigations. arXiv preprint arXiv:2301.04246, 1.

Guinness, H. (2024). The best mind mapping software. Zapier, https://zapier.com/blog/best-mind-mapping-software/

Hadan, H., Wang, D. M., Mogavi, R. H., Tu, J., Zhang-Kennedy, L., & Nacke, L. E. (2024). The great AI witch hunt: Reviewers’ perception and (mis)conception of generative AI in research writing. Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans, 2(2), 100095. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbah.2024.100095

Heikkilä, M. (2023). Why detecting AI-generated text is so difficult (and what to do about it). MIT Technology Review. https://www.technologyreview.com/2023/02/07/1067928/why-detecting-ai-generated-text-is-so-difficult-and-what-to-do-about-it/

Houts, P. S., Doak, C. C., Doak, L. G., & Loscalzo, M. J. (2006). The role of pictures in improving health communication: A review of research on attention, comprehension, recall, and adherence. Patient Education and Counseling, 61(2), 173-190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2005.05.004

IBM Team. (,d.). Shedding light on AI bias with real world examples. IBM. https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/shedding-light-on-ai-bias-with-real-world-examples

Kan, C. (2025, March 24). Emboldened by Trump, A.I. companies lobby for fewer rules. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/24/technology/trump-ai-regulation.html

Kanellopoulou, C., Kermanidis, K. L., & Giannakoulopoulos, A. (2019). The Dual-Coding and Multimedia Learning Theories: Film Subtitles as a Vocabulary Teaching Tool. Education Sciences, 9(3), 210. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci9030210

Kharbach, M. (2024). ChatGPT for teachers: Mastering the skill of effective prompt engineering. Self-published.

Khoury, C. K., Kisel, Y., Kantar, M., Barber, E., Ricciardi, V., Klirs, C., Kucera, L., Mehrabi, Z., Johnson, N., Klabin, S., Valiño, Á., Nowakowski, K., Bartomeus, I., Ramankutty, N., Miller, A., Schipanski, M., Gore, M. A., & Novy, A. (2019). Science–graphic art partnerships to increase research impact. Communications Biology, 2(295). https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-019-0516-1

Kiewra, K. A., Benton, S. L., Kim, S.-I., Risch, N., & Christensen, M. (1995). Effects of Note-Taking Format and Study Technique on Recall and Relational Performance. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 20(2), 172–187. https://doi.org/10.1006/ceps.1995.1011

King, S. (2000). On writing: A memoir of the craft. Scribner.

Knight, W. (2023). OpenAI’s CEO Says the Age of Giant AI Models Is Already Over. Wired, https://www.wired.com/story/openai-ceo-sam-altman-the-age-of-giant-ai-models-is-already-over/.

Köbis, N., & Mossink, L. D. (2021). Artificial intelligence versus Maya Angelou: Experimental evidence that people cannot differentiate AI-generated from human-written poetry. Computers in Human Behavior, 114, 106553-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106553

Knopf, J. W. (2006). Doing a Literature Review. PS: Political Science & Politics, 39(1), 127–132. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096506060264

Kobayashi, K. (2006). Combined Effects of Note-Taking/-Reviewing on Learning and the Enhancement through Interventions: A meta-analytic review. Educational Psychology, 26(3), 459–477. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410500342070

Lund, B. D. (2022). Is academic research and publishing still leaving developing countries behind? Accountability in Research, 29(4), 224–231. https://doi.org/10.1080/08989621.2021.1913124

Liang, W., Yuksekgonul, M., Mao, Y., Wu, E., & Zou, J. (2023). GPT detectors are biased against non-native English writers. Patterns, 4(7), 4, 2023.

Lund, B. D., Wang, T., Mannuru, N. R., Nie, B., Shimray, S., & Wang, Z. (2023). ChatGPT and a new academic reality: Artificial Intelligence‐written research papers and the ethics of the large language models in scholarly publishing. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 74(5), 570–581. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.24750](https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.24750)

Makany, T., Kemp, J., & Dror, I. E. (2009). Optimising the use of note-taking as an external cognitive aid for increasing learning. British Journal of Educational Technology, 40(4), 619–635. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2008.00906.x

Marcus, G. (2025, [month day]). Scaling is over, the bubble may be deflating, LLMs still can’t reason, and you can’t trust Sam. Substack.  https://garymarcus.substack.com/p/scaling-is-over-the-bubble-may-be?

Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. Jossey-Bass.

Nachiappan, S. (2022). Note-taking and note-making: The ever-cherished art. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology, 70(12), 4438–4444.

McGovern, G. (2023). Be very careful what you feed AI. Gerry McGovern. https://gerrymcgovern.com/be-very-careful-what-you-feed-ai/

Mero-Jaffe, I. (2011). ‘Is that what I Said?’ Interview Transcript Approval by Participants: An Aspect of Ethics in Qualitative Research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 10(3), 231-247. https://doi-org.ezproxy.msvu.ca/10.1177/160940691101000304

Mollick, E. R. (2024). Co-intelligence: Living and working with AI. Penguin Portfolio.

OpenAI. (February 2, 2025). Introducing Deep Research. OpenAI. https://openai.com/index/introducing-deep-research/

Ouyang, L., Wu, J., Jiang, X., Almeida, D., Wainwright, C., Mishkin, P., … & Lowe, R. (2022). Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 35, 27730-27744.

Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research & evaluation methods (3rd ed.). Sage Publications.

Paivio, A. (1971).  Imagery and Verbal Processes. Psychology Press

Paivio, A. (1986). Mental representations: A dual coding approach. Oxford University Press.

Paivio, A. (1991). Dual coding theory: Retrospect and current status. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 45(3), 255–287.

Pamplona, F. (2023, March 6). A vision of increased citations. Research Information. Retrieved from https://www.researchinformation.info/analysis-opinion/vision-increased-citations/

Perra, M., & Brinkman, T. (2021). Seeing science: Using graphics to communicate research. Ecosphere, 12(10), e03786. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3786

Perrigo, B. (2021). An artificial intelligence helped write this play. It may contain racism. Time. https://time.com/6092078/artificial-intelligence-play/

Pew Research Center. (n.d.). Questionnaire Design. Pew Research. www.pewresearch.org/our-methods/u-s-surveys/questionnaire-design/.

Prose, F. (2006). Reading like a writer: A guide for people who love books and for those who want to write them. HarperCollins.

Rae, I. (2024). The effects of perceived AI use on content perceptions. In Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems – Proceedings. Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/3613904.3642076

Rasheed, Z., Waseem, M., Ahmad, A., Kemell, K. K., Xiaofeng, W., Duc, A. N., & Abrahamsson, P. (2024). Can large language models serve as data analysts? a multi-agent assisted approach for qualitative data analysis. arXiv preprint. arXiv:2402.01386.

Robinson, N. (1999). The use of focus group methodology with selected examples from sexual health research. Journal of advanced nursing, 29(4):905-13. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.1999.00966.x.

Rodríguez Estrada, F. C., & Davis, L. S. (2015). Improving visual communication of science through the incorporation of graphic design theories and practices into science communication. Science Communication, 37(1), 140–148. https://doi.org/10.1177/1075547014562914

Rougier, N. P., Droettboom, M., & Bourne, P. E. (2014). Ten simple rules for better figures. PLoS Computational Biology, 10(9), e1003833. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003833

Shah, P. (2023). AI and the future of education: Teaching in the age of artificial intelligence. Jossey-Bass.

Shahazad, M. (2024, January 23). Ethics of data visualization: Avoiding deceptive practices. Analytico Digital. Retrieved from https://www.analyticodigital.com/blog/ethics-of-data-visualization-avoiding-deceptive-practices

Sheppard, V. (2020). Research methods for the social sciences: An introduction. British Columbia/Yukon Open Authoring Platform. https://opentextbc.ca/researchmethodsforthesocialsciences/

Shriver, T. (2024). A New Era of Special Education Begins with Inclusive AI. Time. https://time.com/7018588/special-olympics-ai-idd-artificial-intelligence/

Solaiman, I., Brundage, M., Clark, J., Askell, A., Herbert-Voss, A., Wu, J., Radford, A., Krueger, G., Kim, J. W., Kreps, S., et al. (2019). Release strategies and the social impacts of language models. arXiv preprint, arXiv:1908.09203.

Singer, N. (2023). Despite Cheating Fears, Schools Repeal ChatGPT Bans. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/24/business/schools-chatgpt-chatbot-bans.html

Sivakumar, S., & Lukose, L. P. (2017). HOW TO READ, ASSESS AND WRITE A RESEARCH ARTICLE. Journal of the Indian Law Institute, 59(2), 123–152. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26826597

Suleyman, M., & Bhaskar, M. (2023). The coming wave: Technology, power, and the twenty-first century’s greatest dilemma. Crown.

Suritsky, S. K., & Hughes, C. A. (1991). Benefits of Notetaking: Implications for Secondary and Postsecondary Students with Learning Disabilities. Learning Disability Quarterly, 14(1), 7–18. https://doi.org/10.2307/1510370

Thorp, H. H. (2023). ChatGPT is fun, but not an author. Science, 379(6630), 313. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adg7879

Törnberg, P. (2023). Chatgpt-4 outperforms experts and crowd workers in annotating political twitter messages with zero-shot learning. arXiv preprint arXiv:2304.06588.

United States Copyright Office. (2025). Copyright and artificial intelligence, part 2: Copyrightability. U.S. Copyright Office. Retrieved from [https://www.copyright.gov/ai/](https://www.copyright.gov/ai/)

U.S. Code. (n.d.). Title 17—Copyrights, Chapter 2: Copyright ownership and transfer. https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?path=/prelim@title17/chapter2&edition=prelim

Vallor, S. (2024). The AI mirror: How to reclaim our humanity in an age of machine thinking. Oxford University Press.

Viborc. (2025). Ethics and ethical data visualization: A complete guide. Viborc. Retrieved March 9, 2025, from https://viborc.com/ethics-and-ethical-data-visualization-a-complete-guide/om/ethics-and-ethical-data-visualization-a-complete-guide/

Weber-Wulff, D., Anohina-Naumeca, A., Bjelobaba, S., Foltýnek, T., Guerrero-Dib, J., Popoola, O., Šigut, P., & Waddington, L. (2023). Testing of detection tools for AI-generated text. International Journal for Educational Integrity, 19(1), Article 26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40979-023-00144-7

Weise, K. & Cade, M. (2023). When A.I. Chatbots Hallucinate. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/01/business/ai-chatbots-hallucination.html

Xiao, Z., Yuan, X., Liao, Q. V., Abdelghani, R., & Oudeyer, P. Y. (2023, March). Supporting qualitative analysis with large language models: Combining codebook with GPT-3 for deductive coding. In Companion proceedings of the 28th international conference on intelligent user interfaces (pp. 75-78).

Zellers, R., Holtzman, A., Rashkin, H., Bisk, Y., Farhadi, A., Roesner, F., & Choi, Y. (2019). Defending against neural fake news. Advances in neural information processing systems, 32.

Zalani, R. (2025, March 27). The best transcription software in 2025. Zapier Blog. https://zapier.com/blog/best-transcription-apps/?